What is 'absolute error' in measurements?
A
The difference between true value and measured value
B
The ratio of error to true value
C
The smallest value that can be measured
Analysis & Theory
Absolute error is the magnitude of the difference between the true value and the measured value.
Relative error is defined as:
A
Absolute error divided by true value
B
Measured value divided by absolute error
C
Absolute error multiplied by true value
D
True value minus absolute error
Analysis & Theory
Relative error = (Absolute error) / (True value).
Which type of error is caused due to imperfection in instruments?
Analysis & Theory
Systematic errors are caused by faulty instruments or incorrect calibration.
Errors that occur due to personal bias, carelessness, or incorrect recording are called:
Analysis & Theory
Gross errors arise due to human mistakes such as misreading or wrong recording.
Which of the following is a random error?
B
Error due to zero error of instrument
C
Error due to fluctuations like temperature, wind, or pressure
D
Error due to incorrect calibration
Analysis & Theory
Random errors occur due to unpredictable variations like temperature or wind fluctuations.
If a measured value is 9.8 m/s² and true value is 10 m/s², what is the percentage error?
Analysis & Theory
Absolute error = 10 - 9.8 = 0.2. Percentage error = (0.2/10) × 100 = 2%.
Which of the following reduces random errors?
A
Taking a single measurement
C
Taking the mean of repeated measurements
D
Using a faulty instrument
Analysis & Theory
Random errors can be minimized by taking repeated measurements and finding the average.
What is the least count of an instrument?
A
Maximum value that can be measured
B
Minimum value that can be measured
C
Difference between two readings
Analysis & Theory
Least count is the smallest value of a physical quantity that an instrument can measure accurately.
Which type of error can be eliminated by proper calibration?
Analysis & Theory
Systematic errors can be corrected by proper calibration of instruments.
In significant figures, which of the following is correct?
A
Leading zeros are significant
B
Trailing zeros without decimal are significant
C
All non-zero digits are significant
D
All zeros are significant
Analysis & Theory
All non-zero digits are always significant. Leading zeros are not significant unless after a decimal.