Friction loss in a pipe occurs due to:
B
Viscosity of fluid and pipe surface roughness
C
Change in pipe diameter
Analysis & Theory
Friction loss is caused by the viscosity of the fluid and the roughness of the pipe surface.
Which equation is commonly used to calculate friction loss in a pipe?
C
Darcy-Weisbach equation
Analysis & Theory
The Darcy-Weisbach equation is widely used to calculate frictional head loss in pipes.
The Darcy-Weisbach equation expresses head loss due to friction as proportional to:
Analysis & Theory
Head loss is proportional to the square of the velocity in the Darcy-Weisbach equation.
Which of the following parameters affects the friction factor in turbulent flow?
C
Pipe roughness and Reynolds number
Analysis & Theory
In turbulent flow, friction factor depends on Reynolds number and relative roughness of the pipe.
For laminar flow in a pipe, the friction factor is given by:
Analysis & Theory
For laminar flow (Re < 2000), the friction factor f = 64/Re.
Which flow condition results in the lowest frictional losses?
Analysis & Theory
Laminar flow results in lower frictional losses compared to turbulent flow.
Friction losses are higher in which type of pipe?
C
Pipe with large diameter
Analysis & Theory
Rough pipes have more surface resistance, increasing frictional losses.
Minor losses in piping systems are caused by:
C
Fittings, bends, and valves
Analysis & Theory
Minor losses occur due to components like valves, bends, and contractions in the pipe system.
Head loss due to friction in a horizontal pipe is represented in Bernoulli’s equation by:
A
A drop in velocity head
B
An increase in elevation head
C
A loss term added to the equation
Analysis & Theory
Frictional head loss is included as a loss term in the extended form of Bernoulli’s equation.
Which of the following helps in reducing friction losses in pipelines?
A
Increasing pipe roughness
C
Using smooth and streamlined fittings
D
Decreasing pipe diameter
Analysis & Theory
Smooth fittings and gradual changes in direction reduce turbulence and frictional losses.