Type casting means converting a value from one data type to another.

Use `int()` to convert a float or string (if numeric) to an integer. It truncates decimals.

The string `'10'` is converted to an integer `10` using `int()`.

`int('ten')` raises a `ValueError` because `'ten'` is not a numeric string.

Use `str()` to convert integers or floats into string type.

`float(3)` converts the integer 3 to the floating-point number 3.0.

`float('3.14')` converts the string to the float `3.14`. `int()` would raise an error.

`bool(0)` returns `False` because 0 is considered a falsey value in Python.

`int('abc')` raises a `ValueError` because `'abc'` cannot be converted to a number.

Both integers are converted to strings, and `'10' + '5'` results in `'105'` (string concatenation).