What is the fundamental principle of surveying?
A
Surveying should be done only during daytime
B
Always measure from top to bottom
C
Work from whole to part
D
Use only one instrument for all tasks
Analysis & Theory
Surveying follows the principle of working from whole to part to minimize cumulative errors.
Why is the principle of ‘location by measurement from two points’ important?
A
To calculate cost of minerals
B
To determine temperature underground
C
To accurately fix the location of a point
D
To track the number of miners
Analysis & Theory
By measuring from two known points, the exact location of a new point can be precisely fixed.
Which principle is used when establishing control points underground?
B
Least squares adjustment
C
Extension of a baseline
D
Traversing from the surface
Analysis & Theory
Control points are often extended from surface surveys into underground using traversing methods.
Which of the following best explains 'working from whole to part'?
A
Completing the easiest work first
B
Starting with minor details and then overall plan
C
Fixing major control points first, then detailing
D
Focusing only on the center of the mine
Analysis & Theory
The principle ensures that errors are not allowed to accumulate by establishing main framework points first.
What is the role of ‘reference stations’ in surveying?
A
Used to rest instruments
C
Provide known positions for measurement
D
Track equipment movement
Analysis & Theory
Reference stations are fixed points with known coordinates used for accurate surveying.
Which principle ensures that errors are detected early in mine surveying?
C
Frequent checking and balancing
Analysis & Theory
Frequent checking ensures small errors are caught and corrected before they affect the entire survey.
Why is the principle of 'closed survey loops' used?
B
To measure slope angles
C
To check accuracy of traverses
D
To measure borehole depths
Analysis & Theory
Closed survey loops help verify the accuracy of measurements by checking for closing errors.
How is vertical alignment achieved in shaft surveying?
C
Using plumb lines or optical instruments
Analysis & Theory
Vertical alignment in shafts is achieved using plumb lines or optical alignment tools.
Why is maintaining orientation important in underground surveys?
A
To ensure proper lighting
B
To navigate escape routes
C
To maintain direction and position accuracy
Analysis & Theory
Orientation ensures that all measurements and tunnels are aligned properly with the overall plan.
Which type of error is primarily reduced by the principle of redundancy?
Analysis & Theory
By taking multiple measurements, random errors can be averaged out to improve accuracy.